The Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) was founded by Marcus Garvey in 1914 and was one of the most influential Black nationalist organizations in history. The UNIA aimed to promote black unity, self-reliance, and economic empowerment among people of African descent worldwide. The organization encouraged racial pride, cultural awareness, and advocated for the economic, social, and political advancement of Black people.

One of the key initiatives of the UNIA was the promotion of the Back-to-Africa movement, which called for the resettlement of African Americans in Africa as a means of escaping racial discrimination and oppression in the United States. The organization also established businesses, educational institutions, and a shipping company called the Black Star Line to facilitate trade and transportation among Black communities.

Under Garvey's leadership, the UNIA grew rapidly, attracting millions of members across the United States and the Caribbean. However, the organization faced criticism and opposition from government authorities and other civil rights leaders, leading to internal strife and ultimately the decline of the UNIA in the 1920s.

Despite its eventual collapse, the UNIA had a lasting impact on the Black liberation movement and inspired generations of activists and leaders in the fight for racial equality and justice. Marcus Garvey's vision of Black self-determination and empowerment continues to resonate with many people today.