The Stono Rebellion, also known as Cato's Conspiracy, was one of the largest slave uprisings in the British mainland colonies of North America. It took place on September 9, 1739, near the Stono River in South Carolina.

A group of about 20 enslaved Africans, led by a man named Jemmy, gathered near the Stono River and raided a firearms shop, seizing weapons and ammunition. They then proceeded to march south towards Spanish Florida, where they believed they could find freedom. Along the way, they killed several white colonists and recruited more enslaved Africans to join their rebellion.

The rebellion was eventually suppressed by local militia and plantation owners. Many of the enslaved Africans involved were killed in the ensuing battle or captured and executed. As a result of the Stono Rebellion, South Carolina passed the Negro Act of 1740, which imposed harsh restrictions on enslaved Africans, including prohibiting them from growing their own food, learning to read and write, and gathering in groups.

The Stono Rebellion is significant in Black history as a rare and bold resistance effort by enslaved Africans against the brutal system of slavery. It also demonstrated the deep desire for freedom and justice among enslaved people, even in the face of extreme violence and repression.