The Stono Rebellion, also known as Cato's Conspiracy, was a significant slave rebellion that took place on September 9, 1739, near the Stono River in the colony of South Carolina. It is considered one of the largest slave uprisings in the British mainland colonies.

The rebellion was led by a literate enslaved African named Jemmy (sometimes referred to as Cato), who gathered a group of about 20 enslaved Africans. They raided a firearms store, killing the two shopkeepers, and then proceeded to march south towards Florida, where they believed they could find freedom and join the Spanish forces who were offering freedom to escaped slaves.

Along the way, they recruited more enslaved Africans to join their rebellion and engaged in a series of skirmishes with white settlers and militia forces. The rebellion was ultimately suppressed by the colonial militia, and many of the participants were killed in the fighting or captured and executed. The rebellion had a lasting impact on the colony, leading to harsher slave codes and restrictions on enslaved Africans.

The Stono Rebellion is significant in Black history as it demonstrates the deep desire for freedom among enslaved Africans and the willingness to risk their lives to achieve it. It also highlighted the brutal conditions of slavery in the colonies and the lengths to which enslaved Africans would go to resist their oppressors.