Moton High School, located in Prince Edward County, Virginia, played a significant role in the history of the Civil Rights Movement. In 1951, a group of African American students at Moton High School went on strike to protest the inadequate and unequal facilities compared to those of the white students at the nearby Farmville High School. This strike led to a lawsuit known as Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County, which was consolidated into the landmark Brown v. Board of Education case that resulted in the U.S. Supreme Court ruling that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional.

The students' courageous actions at Moton High School were pivotal in the push for desegregation and helped inspire similar movements across the South. Moton High School is now the Robert Russa Moton Museum, dedicated to preserving and interpreting the history of civil rights in education and the legacy of the student activists who fought for equality.