The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a pivotal event in the Civil Rights Movement that took place in Montgomery, Alabama, in 1955-1956. The boycott was sparked by the arrest of Rosa Parks, a Black woman who refused to give up her seat to a white person on a city bus. Her arrest led to the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) being formed, with Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. as its leader.

The MIA organized a boycott of the city's segregated bus system, urging Black residents to walk, carpool, or use alternative transportation instead of riding the buses. The boycott lasted for 381 days and drew national attention to the issue of racial segregation and discrimination.

The boycott was ultimately successful, leading to a Supreme Court ruling that declared segregation on city buses unconstitutional. The Montgomery Bus Boycott is considered a significant turning point in the Civil Rights Movement and demonstrated the power of nonviolent protest and collective action in the fight for racial equality.