The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a pivotal event in the Civil Rights Movement that took place in Montgomery, Alabama from December 1955 to December 1956. The boycott was a response to the arrest of Rosa Parks, a Black woman who refused to give up her seat to a white passenger on a segregated city bus. Her arrest sparked outrage and led to the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) being formed, with Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. as its leader.

The MIA organized a boycott of the city's buses, urging African Americans to refrain from using them in protest of segregation laws. The boycott lasted for over a year, during which participants organized carpools, walked, or found other means of transportation. The boycott put significant financial pressure on the bus system, as African Americans made up the majority of its ridership.

The Montgomery Bus Boycott ultimately led to a Supreme Court ruling that declared segregation on public buses unconstitutional. This victory marked a significant milestone in the Civil Rights Movement and showcased the power of nonviolent protest and collective action in effecting social change. The success of the boycott also propelled Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. into national prominence as a leader in the fight for civil rights.