The March on Washington Movement (MOWM) was a pivotal civil rights campaign organized by activist A. Philip Randolph and others in the 1940s. The movement aimed to end segregation and gain economic and political empowerment for African Americans. One of the key demands of MOWM was to desegregate the armed forces and defense industries during World War II.

The highlight of the March on Washington Movement was the planned March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom in 1941. This march was called off after President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued Executive Order 8802, which prohibited racial discrimination in defense industries and government. The success of MOWM laid the foundation for future civil rights movements, including the famed March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom in 1963, where Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his iconic "I Have a Dream" speech.