The Supreme Court has played a significant role in Black history in the United States. One of the most notable cases in Black history is Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954). In this landmark case, the Supreme Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for Black and white students to be unconstitutional, overturning the "separate but equal" doctrine established in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896). This decision marked a major victory in the Civil Rights Movement and laid the groundwork for the desegregation of schools across the country.

Another important Supreme Court case in Black history is Loving v. Virginia (1967), which struck down state laws banning interracial marriage. The Court ruled that laws prohibiting interracial marriage violated the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause, affirming the right of individuals to marry regardless of race.

Additionally, the Supreme Court has issued decisions related to voting rights, affirmative action, and other critical issues impacting the Black community in the U.S. Over the years, the Court's rulings have both advanced and constrained civil rights and equal protection under the law for Black Americans.