Space Shuttle Endeavour, a space shuttle orbiter of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), played a significant role in Black history through the various astronauts who flew on its missions. One notable astronaut who flew on Space Shuttle Endeavour was Dr. Mae Jemison, the first African American woman to travel to space. Dr. Jemison flew aboard Endeavour on mission STS-47 in 1992, making history as the first Black woman in space.

Another important moment in Black history related to Space Shuttle Endeavour was the deployment of the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer-2 (AMS-02) during mission STS-134 in 2011. This instrument, designed to search for dark matter and antimatter in space, was installed on the International Space Station (ISS) with the help of astronaut Robert L. Satcher Jr., the first orthopedic surgeon in space and one of the few African American astronauts to have flown on a space shuttle mission.

Overall, the involvement of Black astronauts and their contributions to scientific research and space exploration through missions on Space Shuttle Endeavour have been significant milestones in Black history and the broader history of space exploration.