Robert Smalls was an African American born into slavery in Beaufort, South Carolina in 1839. He is famously known for his daring escape from slavery during the American Civil War. In May 1862, Smalls commandeered a Confederate ship called the CSS Planter while its white crew were ashore, and, dressed in a captain's uniform, he navigated the ship through Confederate-controlled waters to deliver it to the Union Navy.

Smalls’ courageous act not only secured his freedom but also provided valuable intelligence to the Union forces. He later became a pilot for the Union Navy and served with distinction throughout the Civil War. After the war, Smalls went on to have a successful political career, serving in the South Carolina State Legislature and the U.S. House of Representatives.

Robert Smalls was a trailblazer in both the military and political spheres, and his story serves as a powerful example of bravery and resilience in the face of adversity. He is remembered as a hero in Black history for his extraordinary actions and contributions to the cause of freedom and equality.