Nat Turner's Rebellion, also known as the Southampton Insurrection, was a significant slave rebellion that took place in Southampton County, Virginia, in August 1831. Nat Turner, a enslaved African American preacher, led a group of slaves in a violent uprising against their enslavers.

Turner believed he was chosen by God to lead his fellow slaves to freedom and justice. On the night of August 21, 1831, Turner and his followers began their rebellion, moving from plantation to plantation, freeing slaves and killing white inhabitants. The rebellion resulted in the deaths of around 55 to 65 white people.

The rebellion was eventually suppressed by Virginia militia and federal troops, and Turner went into hiding. He was captured after two months and was tried, convicted, and executed for his role in the rebellion. In the aftermath of the revolt, more than 50 Black people were executed, and many more faced brutal retaliation.

Nat Turner's Rebellion had a profound impact on the institution of slavery in the United States. It led to stricter slave codes and regulations, increased fear and surveillance of enslaved populations, and a harsher treatment of African Americans in the South. The rebellion also fueled the abolitionist movement in the North and contributed to the growing tensions between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the years leading up to the Civil War.

Today, Nat Turner is remembered as a courageous figure who resisted oppression and fought for freedom, even though his rebellion ultimately ended in tragedy. His legacy continues to inspire generations of activists and scholars in the ongoing struggle for racial justice and equality.