The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a key event in the Civil Rights Movement that took place in Montgomery, Alabama, from December 5, 1955, to December 20, 1956. It was sparked by the arrest of Rosa Parks, a Black woman who refused to give up her seat to a white passenger on a segregated bus. This act of civil disobedience led to her arrest and inspired the African American community in Montgomery to boycott the city's bus system in protest of segregated seating practices.

The boycott was organized and led by civil rights leaders such as Martin Luther King Jr., who emerged as a prominent figure in the movement during this time. African Americans in Montgomery walked, carpooled, and used alternative means of transportation for over a year to protest the segregated bus system and demand an end to racial discrimination.

The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a significant turning point in the Civil Rights Movement, as it showcased the power of nonviolent protest and grassroots activism in challenging segregation and institutional racism. The Supreme Court eventually ruled in the 1956 case Browder v. Gayle that segregated seating on public buses was unconstitutional, leading to the desegregation of Montgomery's buses and inspiring similar boycotts and protests across the country.