The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a pivotal event in the civil rights movement that took place in Montgomery, Alabama, in 1955-1956. The boycott was sparked by the arrest of Rosa Parks, a Black woman who refused to give up her seat to a white passenger on a segregated bus. Her act of defiance led to her arrest and galvanized the Black community in Montgomery to take a stand against the racist and discriminatory practices of the city's bus system.

After Parks' arrest, civil rights leaders, including Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., organized a boycott of the city's buses, urging Black residents to refuse to ride them in protest of segregation. The boycott lasted for 381 days and was a significant test of nonviolent resistance and solidarity within the Black community.

The boycott attracted national attention and put pressure on city officials to desegregate the bus system. In 1956, the Supreme Court ruled that segregation on public buses was unconstitutional, leading to the integration of Montgomery's bus system.

The Montgomery Bus Boycott marked a significant victory in the civil rights movement and demonstrated the power of collective action and nonviolent protest in bringing about social change. It also propelled Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. to national prominence as a leader in the struggle for racial equality.