Mitchell v. United States was a landmark Supreme Court case in Black history that was decided in 1951. The case involved a group of African American soldiers who refused to obey orders to unload ammunition under unsafe conditions at Camp Monteith in Georgia during World War II. The soldiers, led by Sergeant William Mitchell, argued that the order posed a risk to their safety and was discriminatory.

The soldiers were subsequently court-martialed and sentenced to hard labor. The case brought attention to issues of racial discrimination within the military and sparked outrage in the African American community. The NAACP and other civil rights organizations rallied behind the soldiers, arguing that they were being treated unfairly because of their race.

In a significant victory for civil rights, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the soldiers in a 6-2 decision. The Court held that the soldiers had the right to refuse to obey orders that put their lives in danger. The Mitchell v. United States case is seen as an important moment in the fight against racial discrimination in the military and helped pave the way for greater equality and justice for African American service members.