Medicine in Black history has been marked by significant contributions from Black healthcare professionals, often in the face of discrimination and systemic barriers. Here are some key points about Medicine in Black history:

1. **Dr. Rebecca Lee Crumpler**: In 1864, she became the first Black woman to earn a medical degree in the United States. Dr. Crumpler overcame racial and gender discrimination to become a highly respected physician.

2. **Dr. Charles Drew**: Known as the "Father of the Blood Bank," Dr. Drew pioneered techniques for storing and processing blood plasma for transfusions during World War II. Despite his groundbreaking work, he faced segregation and discrimination in his career.

3. **Tuskegee Syphilis Study**: One of the darkest chapters in the history of medicine in Black communities is the Tuskegee Syphilis Study. From 1932 to 1972, the U.S. Public Health Service conducted an unethical study on African American men in Alabama, withholding treatment for syphilis to observe the natural progression of the disease.

4. **Dr. Daniel Hale Williams**: In 1893, Dr. Williams performed one of the first successful open-heart surgeries in the world. He also founded the first interracial hospital in the United States, Provident Hospital in Chicago, in 1891.

5. **Black Nurses**: Black nurses have played a crucial role in providing healthcare to communities, often facing discrimination and limited opportunities for advancement. Mary Eliza Mahoney became the first African American to graduate from a nursing school in the United States in 1879.

6. **Dr. Joycelyn Elders**: In 1993, Dr. Elders became the first African American and the second woman to serve as the United States Surgeon General. She was an outspoken advocate for sexual health education and reproductive rights.

7. **Current Landscape**: Despite the many achievements and advancements in Medicine by Black professionals, disparities persist in healthcare access and outcomes for Black communities. Racism and bias continue to impact the healthcare experiences of Black patients and professionals.

Overall, the history of Medicine in Black communities is a complex and multifaceted one, marked by both significant achievements and ongoing challenges related to systemic racism and inequality.