The Massachusetts 54th Infantry Regiment holds a significant place in Black history. It was one of the first official Black military units formed during the American Civil War. The regiment was recruited in early 1863, primarily made up of free Black men from Massachusetts and other northern states.

Led by white officers, including Colonel Robert Gould Shaw, the Massachusetts 54th Infantry quickly gained a reputation for their bravery and skill in battle. One of their most famous engagements was the assault on Fort Wagner in South Carolina on July 18, 1863. Despite facing heavy casualties, the 54th fought valiantly and their actions helped to dispel the notion that Black soldiers were not capable of fighting effectively.

The Massachusetts 54th Infantry Regiment's sacrifice and courage brought attention to the contributions of Black soldiers in the Union Army and helped pave the way for the official recruitment and recognition of additional Black military units. Their story was later immortalized in the 1989 film "Glory," starring Denzel Washington, Morgan Freeman, and Matthew Broderick.