Marcus Garvey was a prominent Black leader and activist in the early 20th century. He was a Jamaican-born political leader, publisher, journalist, and orator who was a key figure in the Pan-Africanism movement. Garvey founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) in 1914, which aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide and promote Black pride and self-reliance.

Garvey is best known for his advocacy of Black nationalism and his push for the resettlement of African Americans back to Africa, as he believed that people of African descent would never receive fair treatment in predominantly white societies. His motto, "One God, One Aim, One Destiny," encapsulates his vision of Black unity and empowerment.

Throughout his career, Garvey faced opposition from the U.S. government, which viewed his radical ideas as a threat. He was eventually deported from the United States in 1927 following a conviction for mail fraud. Despite his setbacks, Garvey's ideas had a lasting impact on the Civil Rights Movement and continue to inspire Black liberation movements to this day.