The Kentucky Derby, one of the most prestigious horse races in the United States, has a complex history with regards to Black participation. African Americans have played a significant role in the sport of horse racing since its inception in the United States, particularly as jockeys and trainers.

In the early years of the Kentucky Derby, which was first run in 1875, many of the top riders were Black jockeys. In fact, 13 of the 15 jockeys in the inaugural Kentucky Derby were African American. Black jockeys continued to dominate the sport in the late 19th century, winning 15 of the first 28 runnings of the race.

One of the most famous Black jockeys in Kentucky Derby history was Isaac Murphy, who is considered one of the greatest jockeys of all time. Murphy won the Kentucky Derby three times, in 1884, 1890, and 1891. He was known for his exceptional skill and horsemanship, and he helped pave the way for other Black jockeys in the sport.

However, as the 20th century progressed, the number of Black jockeys in horse racing declined due to racism and segregation in the sport. The last Black jockey to win the Kentucky Derby was Jimmy Winkfield in 1901 and 1902.

Despite the decline of Black jockeys in the sport, there have been efforts in recent years to highlight and celebrate their contributions to horse racing. The Kentucky Derby Museum in Louisville has exhibits dedicated to Black jockeys and trainers, and organizations like the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame have worked to preserve the legacy of African Americans in horse racing.