The Kentucky Derby holds a significant place in Black history due to the role of African American jockeys in the early years of the prestigious horse race. From the 1870s to the early 1900s, Black jockeys dominated the sport of horse racing in the United States and played a vital part in the success of the Kentucky Derby.

During this time, Black jockeys won the majority of Kentucky Derby races, with thirteen of the first fifteen runnings being won by African American riders. Some of the most famous Black jockeys from this era include Oliver Lewis, Isaac Murphy, and Alonzo "Lonnie" Clayton.

However, as horse racing gained popularity and became more commercialized in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, racial discrimination and segregation began to exclude Black jockeys from participating in major races like the Kentucky Derby. This led to the decline of African American jockeys in the sport, and by the mid-20th century, they had largely disappeared from the ranks of professional horse racing.

Despite this exclusion, the legacy of Black jockeys in the Kentucky Derby and the wider world of horse racing has been recognized in recent years. Efforts have been made to honor and celebrate the contributions of these pioneers, highlighting their skill, talent, and perseverance in the face of racial injustice.