Isaac Burns Murphy (1861-1896) was a renowned African American jockey and one of the most successful riders in the history of American horse racing. Born into slavery in Kentucky, Murphy began his racing career in the late 1870s and quickly gained a reputation for his exceptional skill and talent in the saddle.

Murphy was the first jockey to win the Kentucky Derby three times, achieving this feat in 1884, 1890, and 1891. He was known for his mastery of pace and strategy, as well as his ability to bring out the best in his horses. Murphy's success on the track challenged the prevailing racial prejudices of the time, as he competed and excelled in a sport dominated by white riders.

In addition to his Derby victories, Murphy amassed an impressive record of wins in major races across the United States. His skill, professionalism, and integrity earned him the nickname "The Colored Archer" in reference to the legendary English jockey Fred Archer. Isaac Murphy's legacy as a pioneer in American horse racing and a symbol of black excellence continues to be celebrated in the sport today.