The first free Black republic in Black history is Haiti. Haiti became the first independent Black republic on January 1, 1804, following a successful slave revolt against French colonial rule. The Haitian Revolution, which began in 1791, was led by formerly enslaved Africans and Afro-descendant individuals, including Toussaint Louverture, Jean-Jacques Dessalines, and Henri Christophe.

The revolution culminated in the defeat of the French forces and the establishment of Haiti as an independent nation. This historic event marked a significant victory for enslaved peoples seeking freedom and self-determination. Haiti's successful revolt against colonial rule inspired and influenced other anti-slavery and independence movements throughout the Americas.

Haiti's independence was a groundbreaking achievement in Black history, demonstrating the power of unity, resistance, and perseverance in the face of oppression. The establishment of Haiti as the first free Black republic remains a symbol of courage and resilience for people fighting for freedom and equality worldwide.