The first free Black republic in Black history is Haiti. Haiti achieved independence from colonial rule on January 1, 1804, making it the first independent nation in Latin America and the Caribbean, as well as the first Black-led republic in the world. The Haitian Revolution, which began in 1791 and culminated in 1804, was a successful slave rebellion against French colonial rule. Led by revolutionary leaders such as Toussaint Louverture and Jean-Jacques Dessalines, enslaved Africans fought for their freedom and ultimately established Haiti as a sovereign nation.

Haiti's independence was a significant moment in Black history as it challenged the prevailing notions of racial hierarchy and demonstrated the power of enslaved people to overthrow oppression and establish self-rule. Despite facing continued challenges and external pressures, Haiti's status as the first free Black republic remains a testament to the resilience and determination of its people in the face of adversity.