The Federal Judiciary has played a significant role in Black history, shaping the legal landscape and ensuring the protection of civil rights for African Americans. One key moment in Black history relating to the Federal Judiciary is the landmark Supreme Court case of Brown v. Board of Education in 1954. In this case, the Supreme Court ruled that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional, overturning the "separate but equal" doctrine established in Plessy v. Ferguson. This decision marked a turning point in the civil rights movement and was a major victory in the fight against institutionalized racism.

Additionally, the Federal Judiciary has been instrumental in upholding and protecting the civil rights of African Americans through the enforcement of laws such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Federal courts have played a crucial role in ensuring equal protection under the law and combating discrimination in various forms.

Throughout history, Black judges have also made significant contributions to the Federal Judiciary. Notable figures include Thurgood Marshall, who became the first African American Supreme Court Justice in 1967, and Constance Baker Motley, the first African American woman appointed to the federal bench. These trailblazing individuals have helped to diversify and shape the judiciary, bringing about greater representation and advancing the cause of justice for all Americans.