Duke Ellington was a pioneering African American jazz composer, pianist, and bandleader who played a major role in shaping the sound of American music in the 20th century. Born Edward Kennedy Ellington in Washington, D.C. in 1899, he began his career in the 1920s and quickly gained fame for his innovative arrangements, sophisticated compositions, and charismatic stage presence.

Ellington's orchestra, The Duke Ellington Orchestra, became one of the most famous and influential jazz ensembles of its time, known for its unique blend of big-band swing and orchestral sophistication. Ellington's compositions, including classics such as "Mood Indigo," "Sophisticated Lady," and "Take the 'A' Train," have become jazz standards and continue to be performed and celebrated around the world.

Beyond his musical contributions, Duke Ellington was also a prominent figure in the civil rights movement. He used his platform to advocate for racial equality and helped to break down barriers for African American musicians in the entertainment industry.

Ellington's impact on Black history is profound, as he not only pushed the boundaries of jazz music but also paved the way for future generations of Black musicians to thrive in a predominantly white industry. His legacy continues to be celebrated and honored as a true icon of American music and Black excellence.