The Carolina Coach Company was a transportation company that played a significant role in Black history during the era of segregation in the United States. In the mid-20th century, many public transportation options were segregated, with Black passengers being forced to sit at the back of buses or in separate sections.

The Carolina Coach Company was one of the bus companies that enforced segregation policies in the South. In 1955, the company gained national attention when Rosa Parks, a Black woman, refused to give up her seat to a white passenger on a Montgomery City Lines bus, which was operated by the Carolina Coach Company. This act of civil disobedience by Rosa Parks sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott, a pivotal moment in the civil rights movement.

The boycott, organized by civil rights leaders including Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., lasted for over a year and resulted in the Supreme Court ruling that segregation on public buses was unconstitutional in the landmark case Browder v. Gayle. The success of the Montgomery Bus Boycott inspired similar efforts to challenge segregation on public transportation throughout the South.

The Carolina Coach Company eventually desegregated its buses following the legal victories of the civil rights movement. The company's role in the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the broader fight against segregation in transportation makes it an important part of Black history in the United States.