Benjamin Banneker was a free African American scientist, mathematician, astronomer, and surveyor who lived in the 18th century. He is best known for his work in predicting solar and lunar eclipses and for his role in helping to survey and design the layout for the nation's capital, Washington D.C.

Banneker was largely self-taught, learning mathematics and astronomy through independent study and self-guided reading. Despite facing racial discrimination and limited opportunities for education, he became known for his intelligence and contributions to science and mathematics.

In addition to his scientific work, Banneker was also a vocal advocate for the abolition of slavery and civil rights for African Americans. He corresponded with Thomas Jefferson, challenging Jefferson's views on race and slavery while also sending him a copy of his almanac, which was widely respected for its accuracy and detailed astronomical data.

Benjamin Banneker's legacy continues to be celebrated today as a pioneering figure in African American history and a testament to the intellectual achievements of Black scholars and scientists.