The Back-to-Africa Movement was a prominent movement in Black history that emerged in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The movement advocated for the repatriation of African Americans and people of African descent to the African continent, specifically to countries such as Liberia and later, Ethiopia.

One of the key figures associated with the Back-to-Africa Movement was Marcus Garvey, a Jamaican-born leader who founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) in 1914. Garvey promoted Black nationalism, self-reliance, and the idea of establishing an independent Black nation in Africa. His famous slogan "Africa for the Africans" encapsulated the core belief of the Back-to-Africa Movement.

The movement gained popularity among African Americans who felt disillusioned with the racial discrimination and segregation they faced in the United States. For many, the idea of returning to Africa represented a chance to reconnect with their African heritage, culture, and identity.

Although the Back-to-Africa Movement faced challenges and criticism, it had a lasting impact on the development of Pan-Africanism and Black nationalism. The movement inspired later generations of civil rights activists and leaders who continued to advocate for racial equality and justice both in the United States and globally.