"Gaines v. Canada" was a landmark U.S. Supreme Court case in 1938 that challenged racial segregation in public education. Lloyd Gaines, an African American man in Missouri, was denied admission to the University of Missouri Law School solely because of his race. Gaines argued that this denial violated his rights under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

The Supreme Court held that the state of Missouri had to provide equal educational opportunities for Gaines, either by admitting him to the law school or by establishing an equivalent facility for African American students. This decision was a significant early victory in the legal battle against segregation in education and laid the groundwork for future cases such as Brown v. Board of Education in 1954.

Despite this ruling, Gaines mysteriously disappeared in 1939, and his fate remains unknown. Nevertheless, his case remains an important part of Black history and the struggle for civil rights in the United States.