"Brown v. Board of Education" was a landmark Supreme Court case in 1954 that declared state laws establishing separate public schools for Black and white students unconstitutional. This decision effectively overturned the "separate but equal" doctrine established in the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson case. The case was named after Oliver Brown, who was a parent of one of the African American children denied enrollment in a white school in Topeka, Kansas.

The Supreme Court's unanimous decision in Brown v. Board of Education marked a major victory in the Civil Rights Movement and set the stage for further desegregation efforts in the United States. The case was a significant step towards ending racial segregation in schools and paved the way for greater equality and integration in American society.